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The OptimJ programming language is an extension of Java 5. As does Java, Optimj provides maps; but OptimJ also provides true associative arrays. Java arrays are indexed with non-negative integers; associative arrays are indexed with any type of key.
For that reason, the elements of an array data structure are required to have the same size and should use the same data representation. The set of valid index tuples and the addresses of the elements (and hence the element addressing formula) are usually, [3] [5] but not always, [2] fixed while the array is in use.
Elements of a newly created array may have undefined values (as in C), or may be defined to have a specific "default" value such as 0 or a null pointer (as in Java). In C++ a std::vector object supports the store , select , and append operations with the performance characteristics discussed above.
Any random-access sequence supporting operations front (), push_back (), and pop_back can be used to instantiate priority_queue (e.g. vector and deque). It is implemented using a heap. Elements should additionally support comparison (to determine which element has a higher priority and should be popped first). stack
An instance of a list is a computer representation of the mathematical concept of a tuple or finite sequence. A list may contain the same value more than once, and each occurrence is considered a distinct item. A singly-linked list structure, implementing a list with three integer elements.
A heap on n elements can be merged with a heap on k elements using O(log n log k) key comparisons, or, in case of a pointer-based implementation, in O(log n log k) time. [14] An algorithm for splitting a heap on n elements into two heaps on k and n-k elements, respectively, based on a new view of heaps as an ordered collections of subheaps was ...
The Linda model provides a distributed shared memory, known as a tuple space because its basic addressable unit is a tuple, an ordered sequence of typed data objects; specifically in Linda, a tuple is a sequence of up to 16 typed fields enclosed in parentheses". The tuple space is "logically shared by processes" which are referred to as workers ...
Collection implementations in pre-JDK 1.2 versions of the Java platform included few data structure classes, but did not contain a collections framework. [4] The standard methods for grouping Java objects were via the array, the Vector, and the Hashtable classes, which unfortunately were not easy to extend, and did not implement a standard member interface.