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Onychorrhexis (from the Greek words ὄνυχο- ónycho-, "nail" and ῥῆξις rhexis, "bursting"), is a brittleness with breakage of finger or toenails that may result from hypothyroidism, anemia, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or after oral retinoid therapy. [1]: 786 It can also be seen in melanoma that involves the nail and onychomycosis. [2]
Causes [ edit ] Growing older or having poor biomechanics , which are more common in the elderly (e.g., toes that overlap and underlap; incompatibility between the foot and the shoe; or digiti flexi, which is characterized by contracted toes due to toe buckling caused by shortening of the controlling muscles), may be contributing factors.
Onychorrhexis also known as brittle nails, is brittleness with breakage of fingernails or toenails. Paronychia is a bacterial or fungal infection where the nail and skin meet. Koilonychia is when the nail curves upwards (becomes spoon-shaped) due to an iron deficiency. The normal process of change is: brittle nails, straight nails, spoon-shaped ...
There are several causes of Beau's lines. It is believed that there is a temporary cessation of cell division in the nail matrix.This may be caused by an infection or problem in the nail fold, where the nail begins to form, or it may be caused by an injury to that area.
Severe congenital onychogryphosis affecting all twenty nailbeds has been recorded in two families who exhibit the dominant allele for a certain gene. [6] [7]Congenital onychogryphosis of the fifth toe (the baby, little, pinky or small toe) is fairly common, but asymptomatic and seldom brought to the attention of medical professionals.
Advancing age (usually over the age of 60) is the most common risk factor for onychomycosis due to diminished blood circulation, longer exposure to fungi, nails which grow more slowly and thicken, and reduced immune function increasing susceptibility to infection. [13]
"In the 60s, the skin tends to become drier, thinner and more delicate due to decreased natural oil production and a decline in collagen and elastin," said Dr. Hannah Kopelman, host of the podcast ...
When kept dry and away from further trauma, the nail will reattach from the base upward (i.e., from proximal to distal). The aim of treatment is also to eliminate onychomycosis that is a major cause of onycholysis. Antifungals like terbinafin and itraconazole in the form of oral pills should be given for 6 to 8 weeks. [11]