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Emtricitabine/tenofovir is also used for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. People who start taking emtricitabine/tenofovir see HIV reduction benefits up to 72 hours after starting, but the medicine must be taken for thirty days after a high-risk sexual event to ensure HIV transmission levels are optimally reduced. [21] [22]
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a condition seen in some cases of HIV/AIDS or immunosuppression, in which the immune system begins to recover, but then responds to a previously acquired opportunistic infection with an overwhelming inflammatory response that paradoxically makes the symptoms of infection worse.
Later reviews in the late 90s and early 2000s noted that this approach of "hit hard, hit early" ran significant risks of increasing side effects and development of multidrug resistance, and this approach was largely abandoned. The only consensus was on treating patients with advanced immunosuppression (CD4 counts less than 350/μL). [29]
Side effects may include trouble sleeping, weight gain, and rash. [2] [3] While there are concerns that use during pregnancy results in a 0.2% increased risk of neural tube defects in the baby, this does not rule out its use. [2] Use remains recommended after the first trimester. [2] Use is not recommended in those with kidney problems. [3]
Side effects can include joint pain, sleepiness, headaches, depression, trouble sleeping, and itchiness. [3] Severe side effects may include depression, psychosis, or osteonecrosis. [3] In those with a history of epilepsy, it may increase the frequency of seizures. [3] Greater care should also be taken in those with kidney problems. [3]
Combination therapy for HIV, often called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), is composed of two or more types of antiretroviral drugs. Combination therapy decreases the likelihood that drug resistance will occur, because it is unlikely that the HIV-1 strains will be able to mutate enough to become resistant to all drugs being used in ...
Some of the most well known are antiviral drugs widely used to treat HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C and COVID-19. These protease inhibitors prevent viral replication by selectively binding to viral proteases (e.g. HIV-1 protease) and blocking proteolytic cleavage of protein precursors that are necessary for the production of infectious viral particles.
Atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. [1] It combines atazanavir and ritonavir. [1] It may be used instead of lopinavir/ritonavir. [2] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects are generally minimal. [2]