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The development of the first fractal generating software originated in Benoit Mandelbrot's pursuit of a generalized function for a class of shapes known as Julia sets. In 1979, Mandelbrot discovered that one image of the complex plane could be created by iteration. He and programmers working at IBM generated the first rudimentary fractal ...
2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images—mostly from two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images) and by techniques specific to them.
This is a list of two-dimensional geometric shapes in Euclidean and other geometries. For mathematical objects in more dimensions, see list of mathematical shapes. For a broader scope, see list of shapes.
In principle, any 2D vector graphics renderer can be used to render 3D objects by first projecting them onto a 2D image plane. [35]: 93, 431, 505, 553 3D rasterization Adapts 2D rasterization algorithms so they can be used more efficiently for 3D rendering, handling hidden surface removal via scanline or z-buffer techniques. Different realistic ...
A 2D geometric model is a geometric model of an object as a two-dimensional figure, usually on the Euclidean or Cartesian plane. Even though all material objects are three-dimensional, a 2D geometric model is often adequate for certain flat objects, such as paper cut-outs and machine parts made of sheet metal .
However, other volume based representations (e.g. constructive solid geometry) or point based representations (point clouds) can be used to represent shape. Once the objects are given, either by modeling (computer-aided design), by scanning or by extracting shape from 2D or 3D images, they have to be simplified before a comparison can be achieved.
Sierpiński Carpet - Infinite perimeter and zero area Mandelbrot set at islands The Mandelbrot set: its boundary is a fractal curve with Hausdorff dimension 2. (Note that the colored sections of the image are not actually part of the Mandelbrot Set, but rather they are based on how quickly the function that produces it diverges.)
The VCS's sprites are called movable objects in the programming manual, further identified as two players, two missiles, and one ball. [16] These each consist of a single row of pixels that are displayed on a scan line. To produce a two-dimensional shape, the sprite's single-row bitmap is altered by software from one scan line to the next.