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Of operative risk factors, surgical site is the most important predictor of risk for PPCs (aortic, thoracic, and upper abdominal surgeries being the highest-risk procedures, even in healthy patients. [16] The value of preoperative testing, such as spirometry, to estimate pulmonary risk is of controversial value and is debated in medical literature.
The World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in 2008 in order to increase the safety of patients undergoing surgery. [1] The checklist serves to remind the surgical team of important items to be performed before and after the surgical procedure in order to reduce adverse events such as surgical site infections or retained instruments. [1]
In 1991 the National VA Surgical Risk Study (NVASRS) began in 44 Veteran's Administration Medical Centers. By 31 December 1993, there was information for 500,000 non-cardiac surgical procedures. In 1994 NVASRS was expanded to all 128 HVA hospitals that performed the surgery.
The Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) is a tool used to estimate a patient's risk of perioperative cardiac complications. The RCRI and similar clinical prediction tools are derived by looking for an association between preoperative variables (e.g., patient's age, type of surgery, comorbid diagnoses, or laboratory data) and the risk for cardiac complications in a cohort of surgical patients ...
Eagle score is a five-point scoring system, used mainly for vascular patients, and allows for an accurate estimate of a patient's risk of dying during heart surgery. [ 1 ] Main risk factors
All surgery carries risk of serious complications including damage to nearby structures, bleeding, infection, [20] or even death. The operative death rate in cholecystectomy is about 0.1% in people under age 50 and about 0.5% in people over age 50. [10] The greatest risk of death comes from co-existing illness like cardiac or pulmonary disease ...
There is a 25-50% risk of facial weakness directly after parotidectomy and a 1-2% risk of permanent weakness. [4] Frey’s syndrome may occur in up to 90% of patients. [4] Risk of mortality is very low in reference to the surgery. [4] In a case of benign tumor, such as pleomorphic adenoma, a significant outcome is also the rate of tumor recurrence.
At some point before surgery a health care provider conducts a preoperative assessment to verify that a person is fit and ready for the surgery. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For surgeries in which a person receives either general or local anesthesia, this assessment may be done either by a doctor or a nurse trained to do the assessment. [ 2 ]