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A chip scale atomic clock (CSAC) is a compact, low-power atomic clock fabricated using techniques of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and incorporating a low-power semiconductor laser as the light source. The first CSAC physics package was demonstrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2003, [1] based on an ...
In August 2004, NIST scientists demonstrated a chip-scale atomic clock that was 100 times smaller than an ordinary atomic clock and had a much smaller power consumption of 125 mW. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] The atomic clock was about the size of a grain of rice with a frequency of about 9 GHz.
John Kitching (physicist) John Kitching (born July 28, 1968) is a British – Canadian – American physicist and inventor, and a fellow and group leader at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. His research focuses on the development of compact "chip-scale" devices such as atomic clocks [1] and magnetometers.
In 2011, chip-scale atomic clocks became available. Although vastly more expensive and power-hungry (120 mW vs. <1 μW), they keep time within 50 parts per trillion ( 5 × 10 −11 ). [ 13 ]
Department of Defense master clock. United States Naval Observatory. Washington, D.C. United States. 18 cesium atomic clocks and 4 hydrogen maser clocks. Cs, H. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. Koganei, Japan [ 13 ] Optical lattice clock.
NIST-F1. NIST-F1 is a cesium fountain clock, a type of atomic clock, in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado, and serves as the United States' primary time and frequency standard. The clock took less than four years to test and build, and was developed by Steve Jefferts and Dawn Meekhof of the Time and ...
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