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The DSM-IV and many school systems and government programs diagnose learning disabilities in this way (DSM-IV uses the term "disorder" rather than "disability"). Although the discrepancy model has dominated the school system for many years, there has been substantial criticism of this approach among researchers.
The DSM-5 has the diagnosis of Specific Learning Disorder, which is a disorder where one has difficulties in being able to learn and use academic skills. Specific learning disorder has specifiers for the areas that one faces difficulties in, with those specifiers being impairment in reading, impairment in writing, and impairment in mathematics. [2]
Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, subcategorized in diagnostic guides as a learning disorder with impairment in reading (ICD-11 prefixes "developmental" to "learning disorder"; DSM-5 uses "specific"). [69] [70] [71] Dyslexia is not a problem with intelligence. Emotional problems often arise secondary to learning difficulties. [72]
His research proved that the learning disability was caused by impairments to certain parts of the brain that control mathematical calculations and not because symptomatic individuals were "mentally handicapped". Researchers now sometimes use the terms "math dyslexia" or "math learning disability" when they mention the condition. [71]
"Mental retardation" was renamed "intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)".[13]Speech or language disorders are now called communication disorders—which include language disorder (formerly expressive language disorder and mixed receptive-expressive language disorder), speech sound disorder (formerly phonological disorder), childhood-onset fluency disorder (), and a new ...
Most learning disabilities are found under the age of 9. [3] Young children with communication disorders may not speak at all, or may have a limited vocabulary for their age. [4] Some children with communication disorders have difficulty understanding simple directions or cannot name objects. [4]
If you're traveling for the holidays, you're probably feeling a bit worn-down—but is it just fatigue, or could it be COVID-19?. It’s probably been a minute since you last thought about COVID ...
Language-based learning disabilities or LBLD are "heterogeneous" neurological differences that can affect skills such as listening, reasoning, speaking, reading, writing, and math calculations. [1] It is also associated with movement, coordination, and direct attention. LBLD is not usually identified until the child reaches school age.