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Six-speed manual transmissions started to emerge in high-performance vehicles in the early 1990s, such as the 1990 BMW 850i and the 1992 Ferrari 456. The first 6-speed manual transmission was introduced in the 1967 Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale. The first 7-speed manual transmission was introduced in the 2012 Porsche 911 (991). [9]
Since 2014 season, Formula 1 cars currently use mandatory 8-speed paddle-shift gearboxes. The now-defunct CART Champ Car Series switched from a lever-shift sequential system to a 7-speed paddle-shift system for the 2007 season. This transmission was introduced with the new-for-2007 Panoz DP01 chassis.
Underbone and miniature motorcycles often have a three to five-speed foot-shift lever, but the clutch is automatic (usually a centrifugal clutch). This type of clutchless (no manual clutch) transmission still must have the gears shifted manually by the rider, and the system is commonly known as a semi-automatic transmission.
Gear shift lever on a motorcycle (above the toe of the rider's boot) A sequential manual transmission is unsynchronized, and allows the driver to select either the next gear (e.g. shifting from first gear to second gear) or the previous gear (e.g., shifting from third gear to second gear), operated either via electronic paddle-shifters mounted behind the steering wheel or with a sequential ...
Old-style tank shift. Regular clutch hand Shifter - This is where the shifter is a regular knob either located on the tank, which operates through a linkage to the transmission (tank shifter) or on a lever bolted directly to the top of the transmission (jockey shifter or slap shifter depending on the transmission design) and involves the semi-complex task of foot clutch operation and hand ...
BMW's involvement with automated manual transmissions began in 1993, when the "Shift-tronic" 6-speed semi-automatic was offered on the Alpina B12 coupe (based on the E31 850CSi). [ 43 ] [ 44 ] Using an automated clutch paired to a standard H-pattern shifter (as per the Ferrari Mondial T), the transmission was supplied by LuK and fitted to less ...
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In 2008, Volkswagen group began production of the DQ200, a 7-speed DCT using two dry-clutches arranged side-by-side (instead of concentrically). [9] [2] Volkswagen claims fuel economy improvements of 6% compared with a 6-speed manual and 20% compared with a traditional (hydraulic) automatic transmission. [9]