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The Model 1873 was the fifth variation of the Allin trapdoor design, and was named for its hinged breechblock, which opened like a trapdoor. The infantry rifle model featured a 32 5 ⁄ 8 -inch (829 mm) barrel, while the cavalry carbine used a 22-inch (560 mm) barrel.
Rather than re-tool their production equipment to make an item that was now considered obsolete, Springfield Armory chose instead to modify the Model 1873 to use a new bayonet system. [ 1 ] In the days of smooth bore muskets , bayonets had played a considerable role on the battlefield, often accounting for many of battlefield casualties.
Springfield Model 1866, trapdoor breech closed. In 1872–1873 a military board, headed by Brigadier-General Alfred H. Terry, conducted an examination and trial of 99 rifles from several domestic and foreign manufacturers, including those from Springfield, Sharps, Peabody, Whitney, Spencer, Remington, and Winchester pursuant to the selection of a breech-loading system for rifles and carbines ...
The model 1884 traces its roots back to the design of the Springfield 1873. The model 1884 incorporated a significant number of improvements that had been made between 1878 and 1879. It also featured a serrated trigger that had been incorporated into the Springfield rifle design in 1883.
The original trapdoor Springfields had replaced only the firing mechanism, and had used a barrel liner to reduce the caliber from .58 to .50. This barrel liner proved to be unreliable in the field, and later trapdoor Springfields, like the Model 1870, abandoned the barrel liner method and used newly manufactured barrels instead. [1]
Springfield Model 1870 – .50-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [8] Springfield Model 1870 Remington-Navy – .50-70 caliber rolling-block rifle. [9] Springfield Model 1871 – .50-70 caliber rolling-block rifle. [10] Springfield Model 1873 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [11] Springfield Model 1875 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor officer's rifle. [12 ...
In 1877, many changes were made to both the Model 1873 rifle and the Model 1873 carbine (the carbine was just a shorter version of the rifle). Historically, the Model 1877 rifle has just been considered to be a variant of the Model 1873, while the Model 1877 carbine has been considered to be a separate model.
Springfield Armory was to assemble rifles from Winchester actions and hardware with barrels and stocks manufactured at the armory. Sights, cleaning rods, and stock hardware were nearly identical to contemporary production for the single-shot "trapdoor" Springfield Model 1873 .