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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, informally The Father of the Nation in India, undertook 18 fasts during India's freedom movement. His longest fasts lasted 21 days. Fasting was a weapon used by Gandhi as part of his philosophy of Ahimsa (non-violence) as well as satyagraha. [1]
A Handbook for the Discipline of Lent delineates the following Lutheran fasting guidelines: [6] Fast on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday with only one simple meal during the day, usually without meat. Refrain from eating meat (bloody foods) on all Fridays in Lent, substituting fish for example. Eliminate a food or food group for the entire season.
[33] [31] [71] [72] A Handbook for the Discipline of Lent delineates the following Lutheran fasting guidelines: [73] Fast on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday with only one simple meal during the day, usually without meat. Refrain from eating meat (bloody foods) on all Fridays in Lent, substituting fish for example.
Abstention from meat, other than fish, was historically done for religious reasons (e.g. the Friday Fast). In the Methodist Church, on Fridays, especially those of Lent, "abstinence from meat one day a week is a universal act of penitence". [1] [2] Anglicans (Episcopalians) and Roman Catholics also traditionally observe Friday as a meat-free day.
Lent starts on Feb. 14 and is observed for 40 days through abstinence and penitence. It ends with Easter, which falls on March 31 this year. There are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter ...
To Gandhi, fasting was an important method of exerting mental control over base desires. In his autobiography, Gandhi analyses the need to fast to eradicate his desire for delicious, spicy food. He believed that abstention would diminish his sensual faculties, bringing the body increasingly under the mind's absolute control.
In the early 20th century, Church law prescribed fasting throughout Lent, with abstinence only on Friday and Saturday. Some countries received dispensations: Rome in 1918 allowed the bishops of Ireland to transfer the Saturday obligation to Wednesday; [ citation needed ] in the United States, abstinence was not required on Saturday.
In Europe, Romain Rolland was the first to discuss Gandhi in his 1924 book Mahatma Gandhi, and Brazilian anarchist and feminist Maria Lacerda de Moura wrote about Gandhi in her work on pacifism. In 1931, physicist Albert Einstein exchanged letters with Gandhi and called him "a role model for the generations to come" in a letter writing about ...