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  2. Discounts and allowances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounts_and_allowances

    Discounts and allowances are reductions to a basic price of goods or services.. They can occur anywhere in the distribution channel, modifying either the manufacturer's list price (determined by the manufacturer and often printed on the package), the retail price (set by the retailer and often attached to the product with a sticker), or the list price (which is quoted to a potential buyer ...

  3. Markup (business) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_(business)

    Markup (or price spread) is the difference between the selling price of a good or service and its cost.It is often expressed as a percentage over the cost. A markup is added into the total cost incurred by the producer of a good or service in order to cover the costs of doing business and create a profit.

  4. Gross margin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_margin

    Gross margin can be expressed as a percentage or in total financial terms. If the latter, it can be reported on a per-unit basis or on a per-period basis for a business. "Margin (on sales) is the difference between selling price and cost. This difference is typically expressed either as a percentage of selling price or on a per-unit basis.

  5. Profit margin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profit_margin

    Profit margin is calculated with selling price (or revenue) taken as base times 100. It is the percentage of selling price that is turned into profit, whereas "profit percentage" or "markup" is the percentage of cost price that one gets as profit on top of cost price. While selling something one should know what percentage of profit one will ...

  6. Percentage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

    Percent changes applied sequentially do not add up in the usual way. For example, if the 10% increase in price considered earlier (on the $200 item, raising its price to $220) is followed by a 10% decrease in the price (a decrease of $22), then the final price will be $198—not the original price of $200. The reason for this apparent ...

  7. Net present value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_present_value

    The NPV of a sequence of cash flows takes as input the cash flows and a discount rate or discount curve and outputs a present value, which is the current fair price. The converse process in discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis takes a sequence of cash flows and a price as input and as output the discount rate, or internal rate of return (IRR ...

  8. Risk-neutral measure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk-neutral_measure

    If in a financial market there is just one risk-neutral measure, then there is a unique arbitrage-free price for each asset in the market. This is the fundamental theorem of arbitrage-free pricing . If there are more such measures, then in an interval of prices no arbitrage is possible.

  9. Revenue recognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue_recognition

    For example, if a company collected 45% of total product price, it can recognize 45% of total profit on that product. Cost recovery method is used when there is an extremely high probability of uncollectable payments. Under this method no profit is recognized until cash collections exceed the seller's cost of the merchandise sold.