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Dyskinesia can be anything from a slight tremor of the hands to an uncontrollable movement of the upper body or lower extremities. Discoordination can also occur internally especially with the respiratory muscles and it often goes unrecognized. [3] Dyskinesia is a symptom of several medical disorders that are distinguished by their underlying ...
Movement disorders are clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity. [1] Movement disorders present with extrapyramidal symptoms and are caused by basal ganglia disease . [ 2 ]
Studies on diseases that are similar in nature to PD have revealed insights into the causes of movement disorders. Hypnogenic paroxysmal dyskinesia is a form of epilepsy affecting the frontal lobe . Single genes have been identified on chromosomes 15, 20, and 21, which contribute to the pathology of these epilepsy disorders. [ 4 ]
Chorea, or (rarely) choreia, (/ k ə ˈ r i ə /) is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, characterized by quick movements of the hands or feet. It is one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias. The term chorea is derived from Ancient Greek χορεία 'dance', as the movements of the body is comparable to dancing.
Athetosis is a symptom primarily caused by the marbling, or degeneration of the basal ganglia. [citation needed] This degeneration is most commonly caused by complications at birth or by Huntington's disease, in addition to rare cases in which the damage may also arise later in life due to stroke or trauma.
Dysmetria (English: wrong length) is a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye. It is a type of ataxia . It can also include an inability to judge distance or scale.
The specific molecular mechanism that underpins this movement disorder is not well known. [2] However, most researchers suggest that it follows an autosomal dominant genetic inheritance pattern in which mutations in certain genes give rise to structural abnormalities in nervous system networks responsible for voluntary skeletal muscle movement, which, in turn, result in the functional movement ...
Stereotypic movement disorder is often misdiagnosed as tics or Tourette syndrome (TS). [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Unlike the tics of TS, which tend to appear around age six or seven, repetitive movements typically start before age three, [ 1 ] [ 8 ] are more bilateral than tics, and consist of intense patterns of movement for longer runs than tics.