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The harmonium was easy to learn and play, plus it was easily transported, which led to it becoming popular and eventually replacing many local Sikh instruments. [1] However, the harmonium is unsuited for playing traditional raga music because of its rigidness, fixed-state, and equal-temperament tuning that cannot create the microtonal ...
The dilruba (also spelled dilrupa) [1] is a bowed musical instrument originating in India. It is a type of Bowed Sitar that's slightly larger than an esraj and has a larger, square resonance box like a sarangi. The dilruba holds particular importance in Sikh history.
The harmonium is an important instrument in many genres of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi music. It is used in many South Asian musical genres including North Indian classical music forms like Dhrupad and Kheyal , Sufi Muslim Qawwali music, Hindu and Sikh devotional ( bhakti ) music ( Bhajan and Kirtan ), as well as Folk music , Filmi ...
The last of the line of rababis was Bhai Chand. During the 20th century CE the instrument's use in Sikh kirtan was eclipsed by the harmonium but it has been revived. [9] Sikh rababis used to perform kirtan regularly at Amritsar before the partition of India in 1947, after which many of the rababis migrated to what became Pakistan. [10]
Musical instruments of the Indian subcontinent can be broadly classified according to the Hornbostel–Sachs system into four categories: chordophones (string instruments), aerophones (wind instruments), membranophones (drums) and idiophones (non-drum percussion instruments).
A Sikh Kirtan is a religious, aesthetic and social event, ... Instruments like the Indian harmonium, flute, dotara, khol and kartal are used as accompaniment.
The dilruba was created some 300 years ago by the 10th Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh, who based it on the much older, and heavier, Taus. [2] [3] This made it more convenient for the Khalsa, the Sikh army, to carry the instrument on horseback. [1] According to the folklore, the esraj was created by Ishwari Raj, a musician who lived in Gayadam.
The harmonium was considered by Curt Sachs to be an important instrument for music of Romanticism (1750s–1900), which "vibrated between two poles of expression" and "required the overwhelming power and strong accents of wind instruments". [2] Harmonium compositions are available by European and American composers of classical music.