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Clinically significant symptoms of these two conditions commonly co-occur, and children with both sets of symptoms may respond poorly to standard ADHD treatments. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may benefit from additional types of medications. [13] [14] The term AuDHD is sometimes used for those with both autism and ADHD.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [1] is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally-inappropriate.
The precise causes of autism are unknown in most individual cases. Research shows that the disorder is highly heritable and polygenic, and neurobiological risks from the environment are also relevant. [27] [28] [29] Boys are also significantly far more frequently diagnosed than girls. [30]
The Autism – Tics, ADHD, and other Comorbidities Inventory (A–TAC) is a psychological measure used to screen for other conditions occurring with tics. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Along with tic disorders , it screens for autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other conditions with onset in childhood. [ 1 ]
Developmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions, comprising mental or physical impairments that arise before adulthood. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in "language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living". [1]
For years, experts thought that ADHD affected only boys — bundles of energy who bounce off walls and struggle to pay attention in school, which disrupted their peers and led to poor grades.
This meant up to 10% of children in the U.S. were described as having ADHD. Current estimates suggest that ADHD is present internationally in about 7.2% of children. [33] ADHD is diagnosed around 5 times more often in boys than girls. Reasons for this disparity are debated, but likely involve both biological and social/diagnostic factors.
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