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A diagram of temporal summation. At any given moment, a neuron may receive postsynaptic potentials from thousands of other neurons. Whether threshold is reached, and an action potential generated, depends upon the spatial (i.e. from multiple neurons) and temporal (from a single neuron) summation of all inputs at that moment.
Temporal summation occurs when a particular synapse is stimulated at a high frequency, which causes the postsynaptic neuron to sum the incoming EPSPs and thus increases the chance of the neuron firing an action potential.
The two ways that synaptic potentials can add up to potentially form an action potential are spatial summation and temporal summation. [5] Spatial summation refers to several excitatory stimuli from different synapses converging on the same postsynaptic neuron at the same time to reach the threshold needed to reach an action potential.
Temporal summation means that the effects of impulses received at the same place can add up if the impulses are received in close temporal succession. Thus the neuron may fire when multiple impulses are received, even if each impulse on its own would not be sufficient to cause firing.
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They arise from the summation of the individual actions of ligand-gated ion channel proteins, and decrease over time and space. [1] They do not typically involve voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels , but rather can be produced by neurotransmitters that are released at synapses which activate ligand-gated ion channels. [ 2 ]