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Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
From 5 to 16 August 1914, the Belgians successfully resisted the numerically superior Germans, and inflicted surprisingly heavy losses on their aggressors. The German Second Army , comprising 320,000 men, crossed into neutral Belgium in keeping to the Schlieffen Plan , with the ultimate goal of attacking France from the north.
Trask, David F ed. World War I at home; readings on American life, 1914-1920 (1969) primary sources online; Tucker, Spencer C., and Priscilla Mary Roberts, eds. The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History (5 vol. 2005). worldwide coverage; Van Ells, Mark D. America and World War I: A Traveler's Guide (2014) excerpt
The Army and Navy each had their nationwide network of supporters, with a million members in the German Navy League, founded in 1898, [13] and 20,000 in the German Army League, founded in 1912. [14] The most articulate and aggressive civilian organization was the " Pan-German League ". [ 15 ]
This bid arose from deep roots within Germany's economic, political, and social structures. Once the war broke out, world power became Germany's essential goal. [111] However, Schroeder argues that all of that was not the main cause of the war in 1914. Indeed, the search for a single main cause is not a helpful approach to history.
The crisis escalated as the conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia was joined by their allies Russia, Germany, France, and ultimately Belgium and the United Kingdom. Other factors that came into play during the diplomatic crisis leading up to the war included misperceptions of intent (such as the German belief that Britain would remain ...
[a] Workers' and soldiers' councils took control in most major cities west of the Elbe, including Berlin, where the new Reich government, the socialist-dominated Council of the People's Deputies, had their full support. [22] One of the primary goals of the councils was an immediate end to the war. [23]
Their goal was to encourage Wilson's efforts to mediate an end of the war by bringing the belligerents to the conference table. [65] Finally in 1917 Wilson convinced some of them that to be truly anti-war they needed to support what he promised would be "a war to end all wars".