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  2. Genetic transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_transformation

    Transformation is one of three processes that lead to horizontal gene transfer, in which exogenous genetic material passes from one bacterium to another, the other two being conjugation (transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in direct contact) and transduction (injection of foreign DNA by a bacteriophage virus into the host ...

  3. Horizontal gene transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer

    Horizontal gene transfer is recognized as a pervasive evolutionary process that distributes genes between divergent prokaryotic lineages [17] and can also involve eukaryotes. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] HGT events are thought to occur less frequently in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes.

  4. Transduction (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_(genetics)

    An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer. [2] [3] [page needed] Transduction does not require physical contact between the cell donating the DNA and the cell receiving the DNA (which occurs in conjugation), and it is DNase resistant (transformation is susceptible to ...

  5. Transfection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfection

    Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. [1] [2] It may also refer to other methods and cell types, although other terms are often preferred: "transformation" is typically used to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria and non-animal eukaryotic cells, including plant cells.

  6. Bacterial conjugation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_conjugation

    It is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer as are transformation and transduction although these two other mechanisms do not involve cell-to-cell contact. [ 4 ] Classical E. coli bacterial conjugation is often regarded as the bacterial equivalent of sexual reproduction or mating since it involves the exchange of genetic material.

  7. Bacterial recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_recombination

    Bacterial recombination is a type of genetic recombination in bacteria characterized by DNA transfer from one organism called donor to another organism as recipient. This process occurs in three main ways: Transformation, the uptake of exogenous DNA from the surrounding environment. Transduction, the virus-mediated transfer of DNA between bacteria.

  8. Genetic engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering

    Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology.It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms.

  9. Horizontal gene transfer in evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer...

    This lateral gene transfer occurred also beyond the Darwinian threshold, after heredity or vertical gene transfer was established. [4] [5] "Sequence comparisons suggest recent horizontal transfer of many genes among diverse species including across the boundaries of phylogenetic "domains". Thus determining the phylogenetic history of a species ...