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Rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive movements of large muscle groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck. It was independently described first in 1905 by Zappert as jactatio capitis nocturna and by Cruchet as rhythmie du sommeil . [ 1 ]
Symptoms can also worsen while the patient is walking or during periods of increased stress. Other symptoms include muscle hypertrophy, neck pain, dysarthria and tremor. [2] Studies have shown that over 75% of patients report neck pain, [1] and 33% to 40% experience tremor of the head. [3]
It involves abnormal behavior during the sleep phase with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The major feature of RBD is loss of muscle atonia (i.e., the loss of paralysis) during otherwise intact REM sleep (during which paralysis is not only normal but necessary). The loss of motor inhibition leads to sleep behaviors ranging from simple limb ...
According to a study on sleep disturbances in the Journal of Neural Transmission, a hypnic jerk occurs during the non-rapid eye movement sleep cycle and is an "abrupt muscle action flexing movement, generalized or partial and asymmetric, which may cause arousal, with an illusion of falling". [13]
Wearing a special collar can also support the neck and keep it in the right position during daily activities. Using electrical devices have also been shown to reduce pain, make muscles work better, and relax tight muscles. [31] Injecting a substance like Botox into overactive muscles can weaken them temporarily, allowing for better movement. [32]
One review of non-pharmacological sleep aids identified music as the only sleep aid with adequate research. [10] The influence of music on sleep has been investigated across various contexts, exploring how music stimuli can influence different aspects of the sleeping experience.
Cataplexy manifests itself as muscular weakness which may range from a barely perceptible slackening of the facial muscles to complete muscle paralysis with postural collapse. [7] Attacks are brief, most lasting from a few seconds to a couple of minutes, and typically involve dropping of the jaw, neck weakness, and/or buckling of the knees.
Typically, the symptoms—spasms and contractions of the eyelids—tend to worsen when the patient relaxes but abate during sleep. [18] The symptoms may be temporarily alleviated by sensory tricks (geste antagoniste) including stretching or rubbing the eyebrows, eyelids, or forehead, [ 19 ] and singing, talking, or humming. [ 20 ]