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2. Mohs scale - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohs_scale

   Diamond was the hardest known naturally occurring mineral when the scale was designed, and defines the top of the scale, arbitrarily set at 10. The hardness of a material is measured against the scale by finding the hardest material that the given material can scratch, or the softest material that can scratch the given material.

3. Chrysoberyl - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysoberyl

   Despite the similarity of their names, chrysoberyl and beryl are two completely different gemstones, although they both contain beryllium. Chrysoberyl is the third-hardest frequently encountered natural gemstone and lies at 8.5 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, between corundum (9) and topaz (8). [7]

4. Diamond - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond

   Therefore, whereas it might be possible to scratch some diamonds with other materials, such as boron nitride, the hardest diamonds can only be scratched by other diamonds and nanocrystalline diamond aggregates. The hardness of diamond contributes to its suitability as a gemstone.

5. Lonsdaleite - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonsdaleite

   Lonsdaleite (named in honour of Kathleen Lonsdale), also called hexagonal diamond in reference to the crystal structure, is an allotrope of carbon with a hexagonal lattice, as opposed to the cubical lattice of conventional diamond.

6. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, ... and very hard with a hardness score of 8 to 10 on the Mohs scale. [10] ...

7. Material properties of diamond - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_properties_of_diamond

   The toughness of natural diamond has been measured as 2.0 MPa⋅m 1/2, which is good compared to other gemstones like aquamarine (blue colored), but poor compared to most engineering materials. As with any material, the macroscopic geometry of a diamond contributes to its resistance to breakage.