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Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, [5] is a basidiomycete of the genus Amanita. It is a large white- gilled , white-spotted, and usually red mushroom. Despite its easily distinguishable features, A. muscaria is a fungus with several known variations, or subspecies .
Muscarine has been found in harmless trace amounts in Boletus, Hygrocybe, Lactarius and Russula. Trace concentrations of muscarine are also found in Amanita muscaria, though the pharmacologically more relevant compound from this mushroom is the Z-drug-like alkaloid muscimol.
Muscimol (also known as agarin or pantherine) is one of the principal psychoactive constituents of Amanita muscaria and related species of mushroom. Muscimol is a potent and selective orthosteric agonist for the GABA A receptor [3] and displays sedative-hypnotic, depressant and hallucinogenic [citation needed] psychoactivity.
The very recognizable fly agaric. The genus Amanita was first published with its current meaning by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1797. [1] Under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Persoon's concept of Amanita, with Amanita muscaria (L.) Pers. as the type species, has been officially conserved against the older Amanita Boehm (1760), which is considered a synonym of Agaricus L. [2]
Fries's Amanita Europe and North Africa Amanita flavoconia: Yellow-dust Amanita North America Amanita frostiana: Frost's Amanita North America Amanita nehuta: Mahori dust Amanita New Zealand Amanita parcivolvata: Ringless False Fly Amanita America Amanita parvipantherina: Asian Small Panther Amanita China Amanita petalinivolva: South America
This is a list of the legality of psychoactive Amanita mushrooms by country. In addition to muscimol and ibotenic acid, some species of Amanita mushrooms, including Amanita muscaria and Amanita citrina , may contain bufotenine which is illegal in many countries and is not included on this list.
Amanita chrysoblema yellow-orange variant [citation needed] is found growing solitary or gregariously, it is mycorrhizal with conifers mostly but also deciduous trees as well, it is found often in the fall but sometimes in the spring, common in the northeast, from eastern Canada to North Carolina, northwest Florida, and west to Michigan.
Amanita pantherina, while containing the same hallucinogens as Amanita muscaria (e.g., ibotenic acid and muscimol), has been more commonly associated with severe gastrointestinal upset than its better-known counterpart. [4] Although usually not fatal, Omphalotus spp., "Jack-o-lantern mushrooms", are another cause of sometimes significant ...
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