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In Excel and Word 95 and prior editions a weak protection algorithm is used that converts a password to a 16-bit verifier and a 16-byte XOR obfuscation array [1] key. [4] Hacking software is now readily available to find a 16-byte key and decrypt the password-protected document. [5] Office 97, 2000, XP and 2003 use RC4 with 40 bits. [4]
The affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, where each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple mathematical function, and converted back to a letter. The formula used means that each letter encrypts to one other letter, and back again, meaning the cipher is essentially a ...
Codes operated by substituting according to a large codebook which linked a random string of characters or numbers to a word or phrase. For example, "UQJHSE" could be the code for "Proceed to the following coordinates." When using a cipher the original information is known as plaintext, and the encrypted form as ciphertext. The ciphertext ...
The ROT13 and ROT47 are fairly easy to implement using the Unix terminal application tr; to encrypt the string "Pack My Box With Five Dozen Liquor Jugs" in ROT13: $ # Map upper case A-Z to N-ZA-M and lower case a-z to n-za-m $ tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m' <<< "Pack My Box With Five Dozen Liquor Jugs" Cnpx Zl Obk Jvgu Svir Qbmra Yvdhbe Whtf
Stream ciphers encrypt plaintext digits one at a time on a continuous stream of data, with the transformation of successive digits varying during the encryption process. In an asymmetric key algorithm (e.g., RSA ), there are two different keys: a public key and a private key.
SocialDocs file encryption uses AES256 to provide a free-online file encryption tool; XFire uses AES-128, AES-192 and AES 256 to encrypt usernames and passwords; Certain games and engines, such as the Rockstar Advanced Game Engine used in Grand Theft Auto IV, use AES to encrypt game assets in order to deter hacking in multiplayer.
Encryption scrambles and unscrambles your data to keep it protected. • A public key scrambles the data. • A private key unscrambles the data. Credit card security. When you make a purchase on AOL, we'll only finish the transaction if your browser supports SSL.
The encryption process consists of updating the state with four round functions over 10 rounds. The four round functions are SubBytes (SB), ShiftColumns (SC), MixRows (MR) and AddRoundKey (AK). During each round the new state is computed as S = A K ∘ M R ∘ S C ∘ S B ( S ) {\displaystyle S=AK\circ MR\circ SC\circ SB(S)} .