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Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most common type of ovarian cancer, comprising more than 95% of cases. [5] There are five main subtypes of ovarian carcinoma, of which high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common. [5] Less common types of ovarian cancer include germ cell tumors [18] and sex cord stromal tumors. [5]
Since 1975, survival rates for ovarian cancer have steadily improved with a mean decrease of 51% by 2006 of risk of death from ovarian cancer for an advanced stage tumour. [58] The increase has mainly been due to successful extended life expectancy of affected patients rather than an improvement in cure rates.
Ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (oSCC) or squamous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is a rare tumor that accounts for 1% of ovarian cancers. [1] Included in the World Health Organization 's classification of ovarian cancer, [ 2 ] it mainly affects women above 45 years of age.
The most common cancer among women in the United States is breast cancer (123.7 per 100,000), followed by lung cancer (51.5 per 100,000) and colorectal cancer (33.6 per 100,000), but lung cancer surpasses breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among women. [13]
Gynecologic cancer is a type of cancer that affects the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. Gynecological cancers comprise 10-15% of women's cancers, mainly affecting women past reproductive age but posing threats to fertility for younger patients. [ 1 ]
It is one of the common ovarian cancers that affect women worldwide. [5] It develops outside the ovaries and ultimately spreads outside and can affect other organs. Causes: It may happen if there is a family medical history of breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer or uterine cancer, or Lynch syndrome.
The ovarian disease has two forms, juvenile and adult, both characterized by indolent growth, [1] and therefore has high recovery rates. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The staging system for these tumours is the same as for epithelial tumours and most present as stage I. [ 4 ] The peak age at which they occur is 50–55 years, but they may occur at any age.
Krukenberg tumors can be seen in all age groups, with an average age of 45 years. [2] In most countries, cancer that has metastasized to the ovary accounts for only about 1 to 2% of ovarian cancer; [2] in the remainder, the ovary itself is the primary cancer site. However, in Japan they represent a much higher percentage of malignancies in the ...