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Cooled argon gas can form clusters of atoms. Diargon, also known as the argon dimer, has a binding energy of 0.012 eV, but the Ar 13 and Ar 19 clusters have a sublimation energy (per atom) of 0.06 eV. For liquid argon, which could be written as Ar ∞, the energy increases to 0.08 eV. Clusters of up to several hundred argon atoms have been ...
Photosynthesis is foundation of food on Earth. Liquid water is essential for carbon-based life. Chemical bonding of carbon molecules requires liquid water. [30] Water has the chemical property to make compound-solvent pairing. [31] Water provides the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Hydration of carbon dioxide is needed in carbon-based life.
Argon is colorless, odorless, nonflammable and nontoxic as a solid, liquid or gas. [11] Argon is chemically inert under most conditions and forms no confirmed stable compounds at room temperature. Although argon is a noble gas , it can form some compounds under various extreme conditions.
Gas phase ion chemistry is a field of science encompassed within both chemistry and physics. It is the science that studies ions and molecules in the gas phase, most often enabled by some form of mass spectrometry. By far the most important applications for this science is in studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions.
Oxygen gas is increasingly obtained by these non-cryogenic technologies (see also the related vacuum swing adsorption). [103] Oxygen gas can also be produced through electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen. DC electricity must be used: if AC is used, the gases in each limb consist of hydrogen and oxygen in the explosive ratio 2:1.
The abundance of argon, on the other hand, is increased as a result of the beta decay of potassium-40, also found in the Earth's crust, to form argon-40, which is the most abundant isotope of argon on Earth despite being relatively rare in the Solar System. This process is the basis for the potassium-argon dating method. [72]
An inert gas is a gas that does not readily undergo chemical reactions with other chemical substances and therefore does not readily form chemical compounds. Though inert gases have a variety of applications, they are generally used to prevent unwanted chemical reactions with the oxygen ( oxidation ) and moisture ( hydrolysis ) in the air from ...
The state marked with c describes the ion excitation to a discrete or continuum state. Figure b describes the exchange process. Kuchiev's model, contrary to Corkum's model, does not predict any threshold intensity for the occurrence of NS ionization. Kuchiev did not include the Coulomb effects on the dynamics of the ionized electron.