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There are two causes of aerodynamic force: [1]: §4.10 [2] [3]: 29 . the normal force due to the pressure on the surface of the body; the shear force due to the viscosity of the gas, also known as skin friction.
As noted earlier, , =,. The total drag coefficient can be estimated as: = [()], where is the propulsive efficiency, P is engine power in horsepower, sea-level air density in slugs/cubic foot, is the atmospheric density ratio for an altitude other than sea level, S is the aircraft's wing area in square feet, and V is the aircraft's speed in miles per hour.
The KF airfoil was designed by Richard Kline and Floyd Fogleman. Aircraft wing showing the KFm4 Step. In the early 1960s, Richard Kline wanted to make a paper airplane that could handle strong winds, climb high, level off by itself and then enter a long downwards glide.
Simulation of an airplane using Open VOGEL, an open source framework for aerodynamic simulations based in the UVLM. The Vortex lattice method, (VLM), is a numerical method used in computational fluid dynamics, mainly in the early stages of aircraft design and in aerodynamic education at university level.
The Whitcomb Area Rule: NACA Aerodynamics Research and Innovation, History Nasa. Whitcomb, Richard T. (January 1956). A Study of the Zero-Lift Drag-Rise Characteristics of Wing-Body Combinations Near the Speed of Sound (Technical report). National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. hdl: 2060/19930092271 – via NASA Technical Reports Server.
Years of research and experience with the unusual conditions of supersonic flow have led to some interesting conclusions about airfoil design. Considering a rectangular wing, the pressure at a point P with coordinates (x,y) on the wing is defined only by the pressure disturbances originated at points within the upstream Mach cone emanating from point P. [3] As result, the wing tips modify the ...
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2.3 Aerodynamics of passing trains 2.4 Collapse of the old Tacoma Narrows Bridge 2.5 Aerodynamics of buildings 2.6 Kites 2.7 Ski Jumping 2.8 Speed of a downhill skier 2.9 Boomerangs 2.10 Throwing cards 2.11 Seeds that spin 2.12 Flying snakes 2.13 Air drag on tennis balls 2.14 Veering a football around a defensive wall 2.15 Golf-ball aerodynamics