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Photons seem well-suited to be elements of an extremely fast quantum computer, and the quantum entanglement of photons is a focus of research. Nonlinear optical processes are another active research area, with topics such as two-photon absorption , self-phase modulation , modulational instability and optical parametric oscillators .
This consumes the H + ions produced by the splitting of water, leading to a net production of 1/2O 2, ATP, and NADPH + H + with the consumption of solar photons and water. The concentration of NADPH in the chloroplast may help regulate which pathway electrons take through the light reactions.
In reality the produced pair are nearly collinear. The black dot labelled 'Z' represents an adjacent atom, with atomic number Z . For photons with high photon energy ( MeV scale and higher), pair production is the dominant mode of photon interaction with matter.
To create an electron-positron pair, the total energy of the photons, in the rest frame, must be at least 2m e c 2 = 2 × 0.511 MeV = 1.022 MeV (m e is the mass of one electron and c is the speed of light in vacuum), an energy value that corresponds to soft gamma ray photons.
In condensed matter physics, scintillation (/ ˈ s ɪ n t ɪ l eɪ ʃ ən / SIN-til-ay-shun) is the physical process where a material, called a scintillator, emits ultraviolet or visible light under excitation from high energy photons (X-rays or gamma rays) or energetic particles (such as electrons, alpha particles, neutrons, or ions).
A Feynman diagram (box diagram) for photon–photon scattering: one photon scatters from the transient vacuum charge fluctuations of the other. Two-photon physics, also called gamma–gamma physics, is a branch of particle physics that describes the interactions between two photons.
Scientists just proved that one packet of light is enough to kickstart the whole process.
If their kinetic energies are relatively negligible, this total rest energy appears as the photon energy of the photons produced. Each of the photons then has an energy of about 0.511 MeV. Each of the photons then has an energy of about 0.511 MeV.