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Actinic keratosis (AK), sometimes called solar keratosis or senile keratosis, [1] [2] is a pre-cancerous [3] area of thick, scaly, or crusty skin. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Actinic keratosis is a disorder ( -osis ) of epidermal keratinocytes that is induced by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure ( actin- ).
As with squamous cell cancer, sporadic cases have been found co-infected with the human papilloma virus (HPV). [4] [12] Although HPV has been suggested as a causal factor, it is unproven. [2] Many new treatments for melanoma are also known to increase the rate of keratoacanthoma, such as the BRAF inhibitor medications vemurafenib and dabrafenib ...
Squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous-cell skin cancer, epidermoid carcinoma, squamous-cell epithelioma of the skin: Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma tends to arise from actinic keratoses (premalignant lesions); surface is usually scaly and often ulcerates (as shown here). Specialty: Dermatology, plastic surgery, otorhinolaryngology ...
Similarly, sun or especially UV exposure is an important risk factor for both actinic keratosis which can progress into melanomas [10] as well as skin cancer. Smoking is a risk factor for premalignant (as well as malignant) lung lesions. Hereditary conditions that are risk factors to cancer can also be risk factors to premalignant lesions.
Actinic cheilitis is cheilitis (lip inflammation) caused by long term sunlight exposure. Essentially it is a burn, [2] and a variant of actinic keratosis which occurs on the lip. [5] It is a premalignant condition, [6] as it can develop into squamous cell carcinoma (a type of mouth cancer).
Fluorouracil has been given systemically for anal, breast, colorectal, oesophageal, stomach, pancreatic and skin cancers (especially head and neck cancers). [12] It has also been given topically (on the skin) for actinic keratoses, skin cancers and Bowen's disease [12] (a type of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma), and as eye drops for treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. [13]
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