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The high Km of GLUT2 allows for glucose sensing; rate of glucose entry is proportional to blood glucose levels. GLUT4 transporters are insulin sensitive, and are found in muscle and adipose tissue. As muscle is a principal storage site for glucose and adipose tissue for triglyceride (into which glucose can be converted for storage), GLUT4 is ...
In skeletal muscle, muscle contractions substantially increase GLUT4 translocation, [36] which is regulated by RAC1 [37] [38] and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). [39] Contraction-induced glucose uptake involves the phosphorylation of RabGaps, TBC1D1 and TBC1D4, by AMPK and other kinases such as SNARK.
Expressed mostly in neurons (where it is believed to be the main glucose transporter isoform), and in the placenta. Is a high-affinity isoform, allowing it to transport even in times of low glucose concentrations. GLUT4: Expressed in adipose tissues and striated muscle (skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle). Is the insulin-regulated glucose ...
The insulin transduction pathway is a biochemical pathway by which insulin increases the uptake of glucose into fat and muscle cells and reduces the synthesis of glucose in the liver and hence is involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. This pathway is also influenced by fed versus fasting states, stress levels, and a variety of other ...
Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation requires that ACC is active. Both AMPK and MCD are inactive and glucose uptake is stimulated. The LCFAs are then rerouted to esterification. [10] These conditions exist in tissues rich in oxygen, in which AMPK is inactive and glucose inactivates the AMPK (researched in skeletal muscle). [11]
Glucose from the bloodstream is taken up by GLUT4 from muscle cells (of the skeletal muscle [82] and heart muscle) and fat cells. [83] GLUT14 is expressed exclusively in testicles. [84] Excess glucose is broken down and converted into fatty acids, which are stored as triglycerides.
Many biochemical adaptations of skeletal muscle that take place during a single bout of exercise or an extended duration of training, such as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and capacity, [21] [22] increased muscle glycogen, [23] and an increase in enzymes which specialize in glucose uptake in cells such as GLUT4 and hexokinase II [24] [25 ...
SGK1, along with SGK3, has been shown to stimulate the absorption of intestinal glucose by the Na +-glucose cotransporter SGLT1. "SGK1 also favors cellular glucose uptake from the circulation into several tissues including brain, fat, and skeletal muscle". [19] SGK1 also plays a critical role in the stimulation of cellular glucose uptake by ...