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Mixmaster is a Type II anonymous remailer which sends messages in fixed-size packets and reorders them, preventing anyone watching the messages go in and out of remailers from tracing them. It is an implementation of a David Chaum 's mix network .
The 'IP source address' for that packet may become that of the remailer server itself, and within an e-mail message (which is usually several packets), a nominal 'user' on that server. Some remailers forward their anonymized e-mail to still other remailers, and only after several such hops is the e-mail actually delivered to the intended address.
Mixminion is the standard implementation of the Type III anonymous remailer protocol. Mixminion can send and receive anonymous e-mail.. Mixminion uses a mix network architecture to provide strong anonymity, and prevent eavesdroppers and other attackers from linking senders and recipients. [1]
Mix networks [1] are routing protocols that create hard-to-trace communications by using a chain of proxy servers known as mixes [2] which take in messages from multiple senders, shuffle them, and send them back out in random order to the next destination (possibly another mix node). This breaks the link between the source of the request and ...
P-Box Model II: a PC Soekris 4501, with the Linux operating system, running Mixminion, TOR, Mixmaster and the Postfix mail server. P-Box Model III: based on a Soekris 4801, it includes the same applications as model II. It can also be used as access point and includes the e-mail server protocols IMAP and POP3.
Prior to the introduction of Mixmaster (Type II) remailers, users attempted to mitigate this issue by sending messages in batches [3] or by using multiple remailers in sequence to further obscure the sender's identity. [4] Mixmaster remailers were built upon the technology of Cypherpunk remailers, rendering the latter obsolescent. [5]
Internet censorship circumvention is the use of various methods and tools to bypass internet censorship.. There are many different techniques to bypass such censorship, each with unique challenges regarding ease of use, speed, and security risks.
The Penet remailer (anon.penet.fi) was a pseudonymous remailer operated by Johan "Julf" Helsingius of Finland from 1993 to 1996. Its initial creation stemmed from an argument in a Finnish newsgroup over whether people should be required to tie their real name to their online communications.