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People severely deficient in molybdenum have poorly functioning sulfite oxidase and are prone to toxic reactions to sulfites in foods. [16] [17] The human body contains about 0.07 mg of molybdenum per kilogram of body weight, [18] with higher concentrations in the liver and kidneys and lower in the vertebrae. [19]
Most molybdenum is excreted from the human body as molybdate in the urine. Furthermore, urinary excretion of molybdenum increases as dietary molybdenum intake increases. Small amounts of molybdenum are excreted from the body in the feces by way of the bile; small amounts also can be lost in sweat and in hair. [110] [111]
The main cellular components of the human body [48] [49] [50] Cell type % mass % cell count Erythrocytes (red blood cells) 4.2 85.0 Muscle cells 28.6 0.001 Adipocytes (fat cells) 18.6 0.2 Other cells 14.3 14.8 Extracellular components 34.3 -
Trace metals within the human body include iron, lithium, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, molybdenum, manganese and others. [1] [2] [3] Some of the trace metals are needed by living organisms to function properly and are depleted through the expenditure of energy by various metabolic processes of living organisms.
There are three components to its action: a molybdenum atom at the active site, iron–sulfur clusters that are involved in transporting the electrons needed to reduce the nitrogen, and an abundant energy source in the form of magnesium ATP. This last is provided by a mutualistic symbiosis between the bacteria and a host plant, often a legume ...
The mesothelium is composed of an extensive monolayer of specialized cells (mesothelial cells) that line the body's serous cavities and internal organs. The main purpose of these cells is to produce a lubricating fluid that is released between layers, [ 4 ] providing a slippery, non-adhesive, and protective surface to facilitate intracoelomic ...
The active sites of AO has been found to have a superimposed structure to that of XO, in studies involving mouse liver. AO is a homodimer, and requires FAD, molybdenum (MoCo) and two 2Fe-2S clusters as cofactors. These two 2Fe-2S cofactors each bind to the two distinct 150-kDa monomers of AO.
Molybdenum deficiency refers to the clinical consequences of inadequate intake of molybdenum in the diet. The amount of molybdenum required is relatively small, and molybdenum deficiency usually does not occur in natural settings. [1] However, it can occur in individuals receiving parenteral nutrition. [2] [3]