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Jammu [b] and Kashmir [c] (abbreviated J&K) is a region administered by India as a union territory [1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959. [3]
Kashmir (/ ˈ k æ ʃ m ɪər / KASH-meer or / k æ ʃ ˈ m ɪər / kash-MEER) is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range.
Many of the states of India have large GDP (called gross state product) which would rank highly on a list of countries by GDP. These figures are based on the World Bank list on List of countries by GDP (PPP) for world GDP, and the States of India by size of economy figures.
These are lists of Indian states and union territories by their nominal gross state domestic product (GSDP). GSDP is the sum of all value added by industries within each state or union territory and serves as a counterpart to the national gross domestic product (GDP). [ 1 ]
Jammu and Kashmir was the only Indian state to have its own official state flag, along with India's national flag, [97] in addition to a separate constitution. Designed by the then ruling National Conference, the flag of Jammu and Kashmir featured a plough on a red background symbolising labour; it replaced the Maharaja's state flag.
The Karkota dynasty (c. 625 − 855 CE) ruled over the Kashmir valley and some northern parts of the Indian subcontinent during 7th and 8th centuries. Their rule saw a period of political expansion, economic prosperity and emergence of Kashmir as a centre of culture and scholarship.
India has control of about half the area of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir; Pakistan controls a third of the region, governing it as Gilgit–Baltistan and Azad Kashmir. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, "Although there was a clear Muslim majority in Kashmir before the 1947 partition and its economic, cultural, and ...
[7] [8] A 2008 report by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees determined that the State of Jammu and Kashmir was the only 'Partly free' state in India [9] but it is now a Union Territory rather than a State. Human rights abuses in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and a strong Indian army presence have also been an issue and affect ...