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The ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA elements) project is an in-depth analysis of the human genome whose goal is to identify all the functional elements of genomic DNA, in both coding and non-coding regions. Important results include evidence from genomic tiling arrays that most nucleotides are transcribed as coding transcripts, non-coding RNAs, or ...
Schematic overview of the modular structure underlying procedures for gene set enrichment analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) (also called functional enrichment analysis or pathway enrichment analysis) is a method to identify classes of genes or proteins that are over-represented in a large set of genes or proteins, and may have an association with different phenotypes (e.g ...
Simultaneous use of multiple, varied functional annotations could improve rare variants association analysis power of whole exome and whole genome sequencing studies. [61] Some tools have been developed to enable functionally-informed phenotype-genotype association analysis for common and rare variants by incorporating functional annotations in ...
The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is a public research project which aims "to build a comprehensive parts list of functional elements in the human genome." [2]ENCODE also supports further biomedical research by "generating community resources of genomics data, software, tools and methods for genomics data analysis, and products resulting from data analyses and interpretations."
Functional genomics attempts to answer questions about the function of DNA at the levels of genes, RNA transcripts, and protein products. A key characteristic of functional genomics studies is their genome-wide approach to these questions, generally involving high-throughput methods rather than a more traditional "gene-by-gene" approach.
A single array or "chip" may contain probes to determine transcript levels for every known gene in the genome of one or more organisms. [125] Alternatively, "tag based" technologies like Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and RNA-Seq, which can provide a relative measure of the cellular concentration of different mRNAs, can be used. [126]
The Colorado college football coach served up another reminder that he will intervene if the wrong NFL team drafts his quarterback son in April.
Nucleotide sequence analyses identify functional elements like protein binding sites, uncover genetic variations like SNPs, study gene expression patterns, and understand the genetic basis of traits. It helps to understand mechanisms that contribute to processes like replication and transcription. Some of the tasks involved are outlined below.
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