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A procedure may also be created in a PL/SQL package - this is called a Package Procedure. A procedure created in a PL/SQL anonymous block is called a nested procedure. The standalone or package procedures, stored in the database, are referred to as "stored procedures". Procedures can have three types of parameters: IN, OUT and IN OUT.
In many systems, stored procedures can be granted access rights to the database that users who execute those procedures do not directly have. Some protection from SQL injection attacks Stored procedures can be used to protect against injection attacks. Stored procedure parameters will be treated as data even if an attacker inserts SQL commands.
In computing, the Oracle Call Interface (OCI) consists of a set of C-language software APIs which provide an interface to the Oracle database.. OCI offers a procedural API for not only performing certain database administration tasks (such as system startup and shutdown), but also for using PL/SQL or SQL to query, access, and manipulate data.
Reserved words in SQL and related products In SQL:2023 [3] In IBM Db2 13 [4] In Mimer SQL 11.0 [5] In MySQL 8.0 [6] In Oracle Database 23c [7] In PostgreSQL 16 [1] In Microsoft SQL Server 2022 [2]
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
RAM-based variables, called locals are only visible inside the currently running process, and their value is lost when the process exits. The scope of local variables is determined by using the 'new' command to declare the variable. Declaration is optional - an undeclared variable is in scope for all routines running in the same process.
In computer programming, a declaration is a language construct specifying identifier properties: it declares a word's (identifier's) meaning. [1] Declarations are most commonly used for functions, variables, constants, and classes, but can also be used for other entities such as enumerations and type definitions. [1]
Return control to the caller at the point of call; Consume the return value in the caller; Dispose of the values returned by a call; Provide a private naming scope for variables; Identify variables outside the function that are accessible within it; Propagate an exceptional condition out of a function and to handle it in the calling context