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The neck is referred to as the cervical region. The trunk of the body contains, from superior to inferior, the thoracic region encompassing the chest [1] the mammary region encompassing each breast; the sternal region encompassing the sternum; the abdominal region encompassing the stomach area; the umbilical region is located around the navel
The auditory pit, also known as the otic pit, is the first rudiment of the internal ear. It appears shortly after that of the eye, in the form of a patch of thickened ectoderm, the auditory plate, over the region of the hind-brain. The auditory plate becomes depressed and converted into the auditory pit (or otic pit [1]).
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The cochlear duct develops from the ventral otic vesicle (otocyst). [3] It grows slightly flattened between the middle and outside of the body. [3] This development may be regulated by the genes EYA1, SIX1, GATA3, and TBX1. [3] The organ of Corti develops inside the cochlear duct. [4]
the angle of the mouth anteriorly, [1] the masseter muscle posteriorly, [1] the zygomatic process of the maxilla and the zygomaticus muscles superiorly, the depressor anguli oris muscle and the attachment of the deep fascia to the mandible inferiorly, the buccinator muscle medially (the buccal space is superficial to the buccinator), [1]
The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve. It is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and innervates the parotid gland for salivation. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck.
The auriculotemporal nerve is a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V 3) that runs with the superficial temporal artery and vein, and provides sensory innervation to parts of the external ear, scalp, and temporomandibular joint. The nerve also conveys post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland. [1]
The bony labyrinth (also osseous labyrinth or otic capsule) is the rigid, bony outer wall of the inner ear in the temporal bone. It consists of three parts: the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea. These are cavities hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum.