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The similarity-based [4] virtual screening (a kind of ligand-based virtual screening) assumes that all compounds in a database that are similar to a query compound have similar biological activity. Although this hypothesis is not always valid, [5] quite often the set of retrieved compounds is considerably enriched with actives. [6]
There are currently 118 known chemical elements with a wide range of physical and chemical properties. Amongst this diversity, scientists have found it useful to apply names for various sets of elements that have similar properties, to varying degrees. Many of these sets are formally recognized by the standards body IUPAC. [1]
Chemical substance – Form of matter; Inorganic compounds by element; List of alloys; List of alkanes; List of elements by name; List of minerals – List of minerals with Wikipedia articles; List of alchemical substances; Polyatomic ion – Ion containing two or more atoms; Exotic molecules – Atoms composed of exotic particles can form ...
Chemical nomenclature, replete as it is with compounds with very complex names, is a repository for some names that may be considered unusual. A browse through the Physical Constants of Organic Compounds in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (a fundamental resource) will reveal not just the whimsical work of chemists, but the sometimes peculiar compound names that occur as the ...
To refer to such a group (column), list the elements explicitly, e.g. ytterbium and nobelium. Do not name by first element (ytterbium group). The reasons for this are that many of the expected first-element names have other meanings as rare earth separation groups (see "Non-column groups" below), and that referring to individual f-block groups ...
The main purpose of chemical nomenclature is to disambiguate the spoken or written names of chemical compounds: each name should refer to one compound. Secondarily, each compound should have only one name, although in some cases some alternative names are accepted. Preferably, the name should also represent the structure or chemistry of a compound.
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
The Americans also wished to name element 106 seaborgium. This naming dispute ran from the 1970s (when the elements were discovered) to the 1990s, when the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) created a tentative list of the element names for elements 104 to 109. The Americans, however, refused to agree with these names ...