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Using his extensive measurements of the properties of gases, [6] [7] Mendeleev also calculated it with high precision, within 0.3% of its modern value. [ 8 ] The gas constant occurs in the ideal gas law: P V = n R T = m R s p e c i f i c T {\displaystyle PV=nRT=mR_{\rm {specific}}T} where P is the absolute pressure , V is the volume of gas, n ...
A related concept is the stoichiometric number (using IUPAC nomenclature), wherein the stoichiometric coefficient is multiplied by +1 for all products and by −1 for all reactants. For example, in the reaction CH 4 + 2 O 2 → CO 2 + 2 H 2 O , the stoichiometric number of CH 4 is −1, the stoichiometric number of O 2 is −2, for CO 2 it ...
In thermodynamics, Bridgman's thermodynamic equations are a basic set of thermodynamic equations, derived using a method of generating multiple thermodynamic identities involving a number of thermodynamic quantities.
The analytical (total) concentration of a reactant R at the i th titration point is given by = + [] + where R 0 is the initial amount of R in the titration vessel, v 0 is the initial volume, [R] is the concentration of R in the burette and v i is the volume added. The burette concentration of a reactant not present in the burette is taken to be ...
Van der Waals wrote this relation, but did not make use of it initially. [92] However, it has been used frequently in subsequent studies, and its use is said to produce good agreement with experimental results at high pressure. [93]
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
In theoretical chemistry, Marcus theory is a theory originally developed by Rudolph A. Marcus, starting in 1956, to explain the rates of electron transfer reactions – the rate at which an electron can move or jump from one chemical species (called the electron donor) to another (called the electron acceptor). [1]
It is used in deep commercial diving, during the deep phase of dives carried out using technical diving techniques, [1] [2] and in advanced recreational diving. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The helium is included as a substitute for some of the nitrogen, to reduce the narcotic effect of the breathing gas at depth and to reduce the work of breathing.