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Some processes can excite RNFL apoptosis. Harmful situations which can damage RNFL include high intraocular pressure, high fluctuation on phase of intraocular pressure, inflammation, vascular disease and any kind of hypoxia. Gede Pardianto (2009) reported 6 cases of RNFL thickness change after the procedures of phacoemulsification. [18]
The GDx nerve fiber analyzers measure the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness with a scanning laser polarimeter based on the birefringent properties of the RNFL. Measurement is obtained from a band 1.75 disc diameters concentric to the disc. It projects a polarized beam of a light into the eye.
Weight gain will occur when an animal is in a positive energy balance, meaning energy provided as calories in the diet exceed calories expended. [10] Evidence suggests that middle-aged cats and dogs, especially those between the ages of 5 and 10, may be at an increased risk of obesity. [11]
This is a table of volume of distribution (V d) for various medication. For comparison, those with a V d L/kg body weight of less than 0.2 are mainly distributed in blood plasma, 0.2-0.7 mostly in the extracellular fluid and those with more than 0.7 are distributed throughout total body water.
Details of structures vary tremendously from breed to breed, more than in any other animal species, wild or domesticated, [1] as dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head and body, and weighed only ...
In statistics, a standard normal table, also called the unit normal table or Z table, [1] is a mathematical table for the values of Φ, the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution.
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The skew normal distribution; Student's t-distribution, useful for estimating unknown means of Gaussian populations. The noncentral t-distribution; The skew t distribution; The Champernowne distribution; The type-1 Gumbel distribution; The Tracy–Widom distribution; The Voigt distribution, or Voigt profile, is the convolution of a normal ...