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The International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA) is an international standards body, founded in 1897, [1] [2] that publishes detailed laboratory procedures for the analysis of sugar. The ICUMSA Methods Book [3] contains detailed instructions for analyzing raw, cane, white, beet, molasses, plantation white and ...
Under the microscope in polarized light starch loses its birefringence and its extinction cross. [ 2 ] Amylose leaching: Penetration of water thus increases the randomness in the starch granule structure, and causes swelling; eventually amylose molecules leach into the surrounding water and the granule structure disintegrates.
Comparison of blooming (left) and regular chocolate bars Fat bloom on the surface of chocolate with a marzipan filling Fat bloom viewed under an optical microscope. Chocolate bloom is either of two types of whitish coating that can appear on the surface of chocolate: fat bloom, caused by changes in the fat crystals in the chocolate; and sugar bloom, due to crystals formed by the action of ...
From aqueous solutions, the three known forms can be crystallized: α-glucopyranose, β-glucopyranose and α-glucopyranose monohydrate. [54] Glucose is a building block of the disaccharides lactose and sucrose (cane or beet sugar), of oligosaccharides such as raffinose and of polysaccharides such as starch, amylopectin, glycogen, and cellulose.
Gout and pseudogout crystals viewed under a microscope with a red compensator, which slows red light in one orientation (labeled "polarized light axis"). [18] Urate crystals (left image) in gout appear yellow when their long axis is parallel to the slow transmission axis of the red compensator and appear blue when perpendicular.
Extinction is a term used in optical mineralogy and petrology, which describes when cross-polarized light dims, as viewed through a thin section of a mineral in a petrographic microscope. Isotropic minerals, opaque (metallic) minerals, and amorphous materials (glass) do not allow light transmission under cross-polarized light (i.e. constant ...
Etymologically, "sugar candy" derives from late 13th century English (in reference to "crystallized sugar"), from Old French çucre candi (meaning "sugar candy"), and ultimately from Arabic qandi, from Persian qand ("cane sugar"), probably from Sanskrit khanda ("piece of sugar)", The sense gradually broadened (especially in the United States) to mean by the late 19th century "any confection ...
NCS is clean dried sugar cane juice. Given the high sugar content of cane juice NCS is essentially made up of crystals of sucrose mixed with molasses, and many additional constituents of cane juice, like inverted sugars (glucose and fructose), minerals, vitamins, organic acids, and other trace substances, many still unknown. Depending on its ...