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November 23 – Edwin Hubble announces his discovery that Andromeda, previously believed to be a nebula, is actually another galaxy, and that the Milky Way is only one of many such galaxies in the universe. [1] The Einstein Tower near Potsdam, Germany, designed by Erich Mendelsohn, becomes operational as an astrophysical observatory.
Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) [1] was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology .
Later in the 1920s, Edwin Hubble showed that Andromeda was far outside the Milky Way by measuring Cepheid variable stars, proving that Curtis was correct. [6] It is now known that the Milky Way is only one of as many as an estimated 200 billion (2 × 10 11) [7] to 2 trillion (2 × 10 12) or more galaxies in the observable Universe.
1924–1930: In 1924, Edwin Hubble announced the distance to M33 Triangulum. [citation needed] Andromeda Galaxy: 1923–1924: In 1923, Edwin Hubble measured the distance to Andromeda, and settled the question of whether or not there were galaxies, or if everything was in the Milky Way. Small Magellanic Cloud: 1913–1923
1924: Wolfgang Pauli: quantum Pauli exclusion principle; 1924: Edwin Hubble: the discovery that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies; 1925: Erwin Schrödinger: Schrödinger equation (Quantum mechanics) 1925: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: Discovery of the composition of the Sun and that hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Universe
1923 – Edwin Hubble measures distances to a few nearby spiral nebulae (galaxies), the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), Triangulum Galaxy (M33), and NGC 6822. The distances place them far outside the Milky Way, and implies that fainter galaxies are much more distant, and the universe is composed of many thousands of galaxies.
Hubble's law can be easily depicted in a "Hubble diagram" in which the velocity (assumed approximately proportional to the redshift) of an object is plotted with respect to its distance from the observer. [30] A straight line of positive slope on this diagram is the visual depiction of Hubble's law.
Tuning-fork-style diagram of the Hubble sequence Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence , devised by Edwin ...