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The iron compounds produced on the largest scale in industry are iron(II) sulfate (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3). The former is one of the most readily available sources of iron(II), but is less stable to aerial oxidation than Mohr's salt ((NH 4) 2 Fe(SO 4) 2 ·6H 2 O). Iron(II) compounds tend to be oxidized to iron(III ...
Non-IPR fullerenes have thus far only been isolated as endohedral fullerenes such as Tb 3 N@C 84 with two fused pentagons at the apex of an egg-shaped cage. [4] or as fullerenes with exohedral stabilization such as C 50 Cl 10 [5] and reportedly C 60 H 8. [6] Fullerenes with fewer than 60 carbons do not obey isolated pentagon rule (IPR).
There are two major families of fullerenes, with fairly distinct properties and applications: the closed buckyballs and the open-ended cylindrical carbon nanotubes. [27] However, hybrid structures exist between those two classes, such as carbon nanobuds — nanotubes capped by hemispherical meshes or larger "buckybuds".
Iron(II) sulfate (British English: iron(II) sulphate) or ferrous sulfate denotes a range of salts with the formula Fe SO 4 ·xH 2 O. These compounds exist most commonly as the heptahydrate (x = 7) but several values for x are known. The hydrated form is used medically to treat or prevent iron deficiency, and also for industrial applications.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
They can be synthesized by incorporating fullerenes onto the ends of polymerized chains or growth of a polymeric chain from a functionalized fullerene derivative and additionally closure. Introducing fullerene spheres into the end of the macromolecule significantly increases hydrophobicity of the original polymer.
Endohedral fullerenes, also called endofullerenes, are fullerenes that have additional atoms, ions, or clusters enclosed within their inner spheres. The first lanthanum C 60 complex called La@C 60 was synthesized in 1985. [2] The @ in the name reflects the notion of a small molecule trapped inside a shell.
An application of HSAB theory is the so-called Kornblum's rule (after Nathan Kornblum) which states that in reactions with ambident nucleophiles (nucleophiles that can attack from two or more places), the more electronegative atom reacts when the reaction mechanism is S N 1 and the less electronegative one in a S N 2 reaction.