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Instead of flowing to a river or the sea, the pipes have been re-routed to modern sewer treatment facilities. Before modern sewers were invented, cesspools that collected human waste were the most widely used sanitation system. In ancient Mesopotamia, vertical shafts carried waste away into cesspools
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Clay was also used as sewer pipes by the Mesopotamians at around 4000 BC, with the earliest examples found in the Temple of Bel in Babylonia. Latrines in the city of Uruk have raised fired brick foot platforms at around 3200 BC. Mudbricks faced were burnt brick set in bitumen were used to originally construct the Ziggurat of Ur. [17]
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In Mesopotamia, the use of fountains date as far back as the 3rd millennium BC. An early example is preserved in a carved Babylonian basin, dating back to ca. 3000 B.C., found at Girsu , Lagash . An ancient Assyrian fountain "discovered in the gorge of the Comel River consists of basins cut in solid rock and descending in steps to the stream."
Access to the sewer systems, as well as having plumbing and other water-based luxuries, was seen as a sign of status in Roman society. Access was only granted to those who paid for it. Additionally, archaeological sites and ancient texts show evidence of the first European waste management labor force. [ 6 ]
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Schematic of a simplified sewer: Smaller diameter pipes are laid at a shallower depth and at a flatter gradient than for conventional sewers. [1]Simplified sewerage, also called small-bore sewerage, is a sewer system that collects all household wastewater (blackwater and greywater) in small-diameter pipes laid at fairly flat gradients.