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  2. Messenger RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA

    The greater the stability of an mRNA the more protein may be produced from that mRNA. The limited lifetime of mRNA enables a cell to alter protein synthesis rapidly in response to its changing needs. There are many mechanisms that lead to the destruction of an mRNA, some of which are described below.

  3. RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

    Eukaryotic ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S rRNA. Three of the rRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleolus, and one is synthesized elsewhere. In the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA and protein combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome. The ribosome binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis.

  4. Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular...

    In eukaryotic cells the primary transcript is pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA must be processed for translation to proceed. Processing includes the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail to the pre-mRNA chain, followed by splicing. Alternative splicing occurs when appropriate, increasing the diversity of the proteins that any single mRNA can produce. The ...

  5. Polyadenylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyadenylation

    Messenger RNA (mRNA) is RNA that has a coding region that acts as a template for protein synthesis (translation). The rest of the mRNA, the untranslated regions, tune how active the mRNA is. [10] There are also many RNAs that are not translated, called non-coding RNAs. Like the untranslated regions, many of these non-coding RNAs have regulatory ...

  6. Translation (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

    Overview of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) translation Translation of mRNA and ribosomal protein synthesis Initiation and elongation stages of translation involving RNA nucleobases, the ribosome, transfer RNA, and amino acids The three phases of translation: (1) in initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the RNA strand and the initiator tRNA–amino acid complex binds to the start ...

  7. Primary transcript - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_transcript

    Pre-mRNA is the first form of RNA created through transcription in protein synthesis. The pre-mRNA lacks structures that the messenger RNA (mRNA) requires. First all introns have to be removed from the transcribed RNA through a process known as splicing.

  8. Gene expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_expression

    Ribosome then adds amino acid to growing protein chain. Every mRNA consists of three parts: a 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), a protein-coding region or open reading frame (ORF), and a 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). The coding region carries information for protein synthesis encoded by the genetic code to form triplets.

  9. Protein biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis

    Then the mature mRNA is exported to the cytoplasm where it is translated. The polypeptide chain then folds and is post-translationally modified. Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins.

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