Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Conditions that can lead to falsely low sodium measurements include high blood protein levels such as in multiple myeloma, high blood fat levels, and high blood sugar. [5] [6] Treatment is based on the underlying cause. [4] Correcting hyponatremia too quickly can lead to complications. [5]
Hypernatremia is generally defined as a serum sodium level of more than 145 mmol/L. [3] Severe symptoms typically only occur when levels are above 160 mmol/L. [1] Hypernatremia is typically classified by a person's fluid status into low volume , normal volume, and high volume . [ 1 ]
Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).
It is important to note that sudden restoration of blood volume to normal will turn off the stimulus for continued ADH secretion. Hence, a prompt water diuresis will occur. This can cause a sudden and dramatic increase in the serum sodium concentration and place the patient at risk for so-called "central pontine myelinolysis" (CPM). CPM is a ...
Without sufficient levels of these key electrolytes, muscle weakness or severe muscle contractions may occur. [ citation needed ] [ 23 ] Electrolyte balance is maintained by oral, or in emergencies, intravenous (IV) intake of electrolyte-containing substances, and is regulated by hormones , in general with the kidneys flushing out excess levels.
Salt poisoning typically results in a feeling of confusion and jitteriness; more severe intoxication can cause seizures and coma. Death can result if medical intervention is not forthcoming. These symptoms are generally a consequence of hypernatremia – an abnormally high sodium level in the blood. (There are myriad causes of hypernatremia ...
There are trace elements in almost all potable water; some of these affect metabolism, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, which are common in small amounts in most water. Other elements, such as fluoride, while beneficial in low concentrations, can cause dental and other problems at high levels. Fluid balance is important to health.
Pseudohyponatremia is a false low sodium reading that can be caused by high levels of fats or proteins in the blood. [ 14 ] [ 3 ] Dilutional hyponatremia can happen in diabetics as high glucose levels pull water into the blood stream causing the sodium concentration to be lower.