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The word evolved in a modern sense was first used in 1826 in an anonymous paper published in Robert Jameson's journal and evolution was a relative late-comer which can be seen in Herbert Spencer's Social Statics of 1851, [a] and at least one earlier example, but was not in general use until about 1865–70.
The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (abbreviated as Ga, for gigaannum) and evidence suggests that life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga. [1] [2] [3] The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the ...
It is possible that we are facing the end of the effective life of most of available antibiotics. [56] Predicting the evolution and evolvability [57] of our pathogens, and devising strategies to slow or circumvent the development of resistance, demands deeper knowledge of the complex forces driving evolution at the molecular level. [58]
Research concerning the relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and both the origin and evolution of life began around the turn of the 20th century. In 1910 American historian Henry Adams printed and distributed to university libraries and history professors the small volume A Letter to American Teachers of History proposing a theory of history based on the second law of ...
Alternatives to Darwinian evolution have been proposed by scholars investigating biology to explain signs of evolution and the relatedness of different groups of living things. The alternatives in question do not deny that evolutionary changes over time are the origin of the diversity of life, nor that the organisms alive today share a common ...
This evolution is constant; were one of the two to stop evolving, it would go extinct. The Red Queen hypothesis has been invoked by some authors to explain evolution of aging. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] The main idea is that aging is favored by natural selection since it allows faster adaptation to changing conditions, especially in order to keep pace with ...
Life history theory (LHT) is an analytical framework [1] designed to study the diversity of life history strategies used by different organisms throughout the world, as well as the causes and results of the variation in their life cycles. [2]
Conscious evolution – Hypothetical ability of the human species to choose what they will become; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology – Interdisciplinary field of study; Effective evolutionary time – Hypothesis offering a causal explanation of diversity gradients