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The shoulder abduction relief test, also called Bakody's test, is a medical maneuver used to evaluate for cervical radiculopathy. [1] Specifically, this test is used to evaluate for nerve root compression at C5-C7. It is often used when a patient presents with neck pain that radiates down the ipsilateral upper extremity. [2]
The patient rotates their head to the affected side and extends their neck, while the examiners applies downward pressure to the top of the patient's head. A positive Spurling's sign is when the pain arising in the neck radiates in the direction of the corresponding dermatome ipsilaterally. [1] It is a type of cervical compression test.
Cervical radiculopathy has an annual incidence rate of 107.3 per 100,000 for men and 63.5 per 100,000 for women, whereas lumbar radiculopathy has a prevalence of approximately 3-5% of the population. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] According to the AHRQ 's 2010 National Statistics for cervical radiculopathy, the most affected age group is between 45 and 64 years ...
[7] [8] Irradiation of the cervical spine may also evoke it as an early delayed radiation injury, which occurs within 4 months of radiation therapy. [citation needed] Delayed onset Lhermitte's sign has been reported following head and/or neck trauma.
Cross-arm test: positive test indicates acromioclavicular joint degeneration/arthritis Adson's sign tests for thoracic outlet syndrome Lhermitte's sign may indicate cervical radiculopathy or spinal cord disease
patient clenches fist over chest when asked to describe pain Lhermitte's sign: Jean Lhermitte: neurology: lesions of cervical cord dorsal columns or caudal medulla, MS, chemotherapy, Behçet's disease: electrical sensation down the back and into limbs with neck flexion or extension Liebermeister's rule: Carl von Liebermeister: internal medicine
[1] [2] The venous type results in swelling, pain, and possibly a bluish coloration of the arm. [2] The arterial type results in pain, coldness, and pallor of the arm. [2] TOS may result from trauma, repetitive arm movements, tumors, pregnancy, or anatomical variations such as a cervical rib. [1]
Mechanical traction can be used for patients with cervical and lumbar spinal disorders such as cervical radiculopathy or lumbar spinal stenosis. Lumbar traction has been widely used in the clinic, previous meta-analyses have confirmed that mechanical traction in the supine position can relieve short-term pain in patients with radiculopathy. [4]