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Duke Mu of Qin (died 621 BC), born Ying Renhao, was a duke of the Qin state. Sometimes considered one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period , Duke Mu greatly expanded the territory of Qin during the reign of King Xiang of Zhou .
The kings of Qin claimed descent from the Lady Xiu, "the granddaughter" of "a remote descendant" of the Emperor Zhuanxu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor.Similarly, in the next generation, Lady Hua was said to be descended from Shaodian, [1] the legendary figure who is sometimes the father and sometimes the foster father of the Yellow and Flame Emperors.
Duke Xiao of Qin (Chinese: 秦孝公; pinyin: Qín Xiào Gōng; 381–338 BC), personal name Ying Quliang, was the ruler of the Qin state from 361 to 338 BC. Duke Xiao is best known for employing the Legalist statesman Shang Yang [1] from the Wey state and authorizing him to conduct a series of ground breaking political, military and economic reforms in Qin.
Chuzi was the youngest of Duke Xian's three sons, and his mother was Wang Ji (王姬). His older half-brother, later known as Duke Wu of Qin, was the crown prince. Duke Wu and his younger brother, later known as Duke De of Qin, were both born to Duke Xian's main wife Lu Ji (鲁姬). After Duke Xian died, however, the ministers Fuji (弗忌) and ...
Duke Wu was the eldest son and the crown prince of Duke Xian of Qin. However, when Duke Xian died in 704 BC at the age of 21, the ministers Fuji (弗忌) and Sanfu (三父) deposed Duke Wu and installed his younger half-brother Chuzi on the throne. Six years later, in 698 BC Sanfu and Fuji assassinated Chuzi and put Duke Wu, the original crown ...
Prince Ying Ji was born in 325 BC to one of King Huiwen's more lower-ranked concubines, Lady Mi (羋八子). As a shu child, Prince Ji was given low priority in the royal line of succession, and as an underage child was not granted a fief because the state of Qin employed a system of meritocracy that demanded that even princes earn their own lands through national service.
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In 578 BC, Qin suffered a major defeat at the hand of the Jin state. Duke Li of Jin accused Qin of treachery and personally led an alliance of eight states (Jin, Qi, Song, Wey, Zheng, Cao, Zhu, and Teng) to attack Qin. The two sides fought at Masui (in present-day Jingyang County, Shaanxi). Qin was resoundingly defeated and two of its generals ...