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Megaloblastic anaemia; Methaemoglobinaemia; Erythema multiforme; Low blood sugar; Hepatitis (liver swelling); Crystalluria (crystals in the urine); Urinary obstruction causing difficulty passing urine
Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections. [1] Other uses include for middle ear infections and travelers' diarrhea . [ 1 ] With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS .
The effects of trimethoprim causes a backlog of dihydrofolate (DHF) and this backlog can work against the inhibitory effect the drug has on tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis. This is where the sulfamethoxazole comes in; its role is in depleting the excess DHF by preventing it from being synthesised in the first place.
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The most common side effects of sulfamethoxazole are gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, anorexia) and allergic skin reactions (such as rash and urticaria). [8] There have been rare instances where severe adverse reactions have resulted in fatalities.
It combines isoniazid, pyridoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. [1] Specifically it is used to prevent tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, pneumonia, malaria, and isosporiasis. [2] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects may include trouble concentrating, numbness, vomiting, and rash. [2] Serious side effects may include liver problems. [2]