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China was a monarchy from prehistoric times up to 1912, when a republic was established. The succession of legendary monarchs of China were non-hereditary. Dynastic rule began c. 2070 BC when Yu the Great established the Xia dynasty, [d] and monarchy lasted until 1912 when dynastic rule collapsed together with the monarchical government. [5]
The relevancy of these figures to the earliest Chinese people is unknown, since most accounts of them were written from the Warring States period (c. 475–221 BCE) onwards. [22] The sinologist Kwang-chih Chang has generalized the typical stages: "the first period was populated by gods , the second by demigods / culture hero , and the third by ...
For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs.Beginning with the establishment of dynastic rule by Yu the Great c. 2070 BC, [1] and ending with the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor in AD 1912, Chinese historiography came to organize itself around the succession of monarchical dynasties.
Family tree of Chinese monarchs (453–1279) Family tree of Chinese monarchs (before 256 BCE) Family tree of Chinese monarchs (221 BCE – 453 CE) Family tree of Chinese monarchs (1279–1912) Family tree of Chinese monarchs (Spring and Autumn period) Family tree of Chinese monarchs (Warring States period)
The numbers here indicate the seniority in birth of an emperor's sons as the Ming Dynasty was the only Chinese dynasty to have the eldest surviving son succeed the throne in continuous fashion (though not for the Yongle, from whom all subsequent Ming emperors descend and Jingtai Emperors – both of whom usurped the throne; while the Jiajing ...
View a machine-translated version of the Chinese article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Paramount leader, an informal list of those who have been considered the highest leader of the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China; Leader of the Chinese Communist Party; Chairman of the Kuomintang; List of leaders of the People's Republic of China of institutions; List of national leaders of the People's Republic of China
During the Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 BC – 771 BC), Chinese vassal rulers with power over their particular fiefdoms served a strong central monarch. Following a brutal succession crisis and relocation of the royal capital, the power of the Zhou kings (王; wáng [a]) waned, and during the Eastern Zhou period, the regional lords overshadowed the king and began to usurp that title for ...