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Zero divided by a negative or positive number is either zero or is expressed as a fraction with zero as numerator and the finite quantity as denominator. Zero divided by zero is zero. In 830, Mahāvīra unsuccessfully tried to correct the mistake Brahmagupta made in his book Ganita Sara Samgraha: "A number remains unchanged when divided by zero ...
A "powerful number" is a positive integer for which every prime appearing in its prime factorization appears there at least twice. The sum of the reciprocals of the powerful numbers is close to 1.9436 . [4] The reciprocals of the factorials sum to the transcendental number e (one of two constants called "Euler's number").
Pursuing this type of analysis more carefully, G. H. Hardy and John Edensor Littlewood in 1923 conjectured (as part of their Hardy–Littlewood prime tuple conjecture) that for any fixed c ≥ 2, the number of representations of a large integer n as the sum of c primes n = p 1 + ⋯ + p c with p 1 ≤ ⋯ ≤ p c should be asymptotically equal to
A number that has the same number of digits as the number of digits in its prime factorization, including exponents but excluding exponents equal to 1. A046758 Extravagant numbers
For if every even number greater than 4 is the sum of two odd primes, adding 3 to each even number greater than 4 will produce the odd numbers greater than 7 (and 7 itself is equal to 2+2+3). In 2013, Harald Helfgott released a proof of Goldbach's weak conjecture. [ 2 ]
Note that the ancient Sanskrit sages discovered many years before Fibonacci that the number of compositions of any natural number n as the sum of 1's and 2's is the nth Fibonacci number! Note that these are not general compositions as defined above because the numbers are restricted to 1's and 2's only. 1=1 (1) 2=1+1=2 (2) 3=1+1+1=1+2=2+1 (3)
Cubic reciprocity is a collection of theorems in elementary and algebraic number theory that state conditions under which the congruence x 3 ≡ p (mod q) is solvable; the word "reciprocity" comes from the form of the main theorem, which states that if p and q are primary numbers in the ring of Eisenstein integers, both coprime to 3, the congruence x 3 ≡ p (mod q) is solvable if and only if ...
These combinations (subsets) are enumerated by the 1 digits of the set of base 2 numbers counting from 0 to 2 n − 1, where each digit position is an item from the set of n. Given 3 cards numbered 1 to 3, there are 8 distinct combinations ( subsets ), including the empty set :