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Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep disorders) [7] Another underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, [8] idiopathic hypersomnia, or restless legs syndrome
However in two phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials involving adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea and obesity, tirzepatide for 52 weeks substantially reduced apneic-hypopnic events, body weight, hypoxic burden, hsCRP concentration, and systolic blood pressure, and it improved sleep-related patient-reported ...
Initially, the first stage of the disease is characterized by fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains, beginning one to three weeks after the bite. [1] [2] Weeks to months later, the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness, and trouble sleeping. [2] Diagnosis is by finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the ...
Behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome must be considered in the differential diagnosis of secondary hypersomnia. This disorder occurs in individuals who fail to get sufficient sleep for at least three months. In this case, the patient has chronic sleep deprivation, although they may not necessarily be aware of it. This situation is ...
Individuals with IH share common symptoms including excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep inertia, brain fog, and long sleep periods. [10] [11] [12]Excessive daytime sleepiness, characterized by persistent sleepiness throughout the day and often a general lack of energy, even during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep.
Sleep inversion may be a symptom of elevated blood ammonia levels [2] and is often an early symptom of hepatic encephalopathy. [3] Sleep inversion is a feature of African trypanosomiasis, after which the disease takes its common name, "African sleeping sickness"; [4] sleep-wake cycle disturbances are the most common indication that the disease has reached the stage where infection spreads into ...
The second is OHS primarily due to "sleep hypoventilation syndrome"; this requires a rise of CO 2 levels by 10 mmHg (1.3 kPa) after sleep compared to awake measurements and overnight drops in oxygen levels without simultaneous apnea or hypopnea. [4] [11] Overall, 90% of all people with OHS fall into the first category, and 10% in the second. [5]
It is typically caused by a basilar skull fracture, which presents complications such as infection. It may be diagnosed using brain scans (prompted based on initial symptoms), and by testing to see if discharge from the nose is cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment may be conservative (as many cases resolve spontaneously), but usually involves ...