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The cause of tetralogy of Fallot is typically not known. [5] Risk factors include a mother who uses alcohol , has diabetes , is over the age of 40, or gets rubella during pregnancy . [ 5 ] : 62 It may also be associated with Down syndrome and other chromosomal defects that cause congenital heart defects.
The most common cause of right-to-left shunt is the Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by four co-existing heart defects. Pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve and outflow tract, obstructing blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery)
[13] [14] The cause of a congenital heart defect is often unknown. [4] Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella, use of certain medications or drugs such as alcohol or tobacco, parents being closely related, or poor nutritional status or obesity in the mother.
Tetralogy of Fallot is actually the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart defects, accounting for about 50-70%, as well as about 10% of all congenital heart defects in general. Now, it’s not quite clear why some babies develop TOF but it is associated with chromosome 22 deletions and DiGeorge syndrome.
Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
She had a condition called Tetralogy of Fallot, one of the primary congenital defects that lead to blue baby syndrome. In this condition, defects in the great vessels and wall of the heart lead to a chronic lack of oxygen in the blood. In Eileen's case, this made her lips and fingers turn blue, with the rest of her skin having a very faint blue ...
Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) Transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) Truncus arteriosus (Persistent) Tricuspid atresia; Interrupted aortic arch; Pulmonary atresia (PA) Pulmonary stenosis (critical) Eisenmenger syndrome (reversal of shunt due to pulmonary ...
The Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt (BTT shunt), [1] previously known as the Blalock–Taussig Shunt (BT shunt), [2] is a surgical procedure used to increase blood flow to the lungs in some forms of congenital heart disease [3] such as pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot, which are common causes of blue baby syndrome. [3]